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历史与地理

　　话题词块

　　1．turn against　　 背叛

　　2．serve in the army 服役

　　3．defend...against ... 防御……

　　4．pass down 传递下去

　　5．in the shape of ... 呈……形状

　　6．break out 爆发

　　7．in the name of 以……的名义

　　8．have a history of ... 有……的历史

　　9．declare war on ... 对……宣战

　　10．vote for/against 投票支持/反对

　　11．on behalf of 代表

　　12．come to power 上台执政

　　13．in the long run 从长远来看

　　14．Long March长征

　　15．the May 4th Movement 五四运动

　　16．in peace 和平

　　17．at war 交战

　　18．have a population of 有……人口

　　19．take on a new look 呈现新面貌

　　20．be located in/liein 坐落于/位于

　　21．be surrounded by 被……包围/环绕着

　　22．advanced civilization 先进文明

　　话题佳句

　　1．This building which has a long history can date back to the Ming Dynasty.

　　这座有着悠久历史的建筑可以追溯到明朝。

　　2．In ancient times, the fast way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage.

　　在古代，最快的旅行方式是骑马或坐马车。

　　3．At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the lantern displays would last three days.

　　在七世纪的唐朝初期，彩灯的展示会一直持续三天。

　　4．Standing on the top of the hill is a monument, dating back to hundreds of years ago.

　　矗立在山顶上的是一座纪念碑，它可以追溯到几百年前。

　　5．Only when the system has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty,unemployment and war.

　　只有废除了这种制度才有可能消除贫困、失业和战争。

　　6．Highly respected by his people, he was elected the first black president of South Africa.

　　由于受到人们的极大尊敬，他当选为南非第一位黑人总统。

　　7．Nelson Mandela, who played an important role in the anti­racial discrimination struggle in South Africa, made great contributions to the development of South Africa.

　　纳尔逊·曼德拉对南非的发展做出了巨大贡献，他在南非的反种族歧视斗争中扮演着重要的角色。

　　8．As the United States of America is an immigrant country, people often call it a “Melting Pot”．

　　由于美国是一个移民国家，人们常把它称为“大熔炉”。

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　　话题范文

　　(2023全国甲卷)你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：

　　1. 人物简介及事迹；

　　2. 意义或启示。

　　注意：

　　1. 词数100左右；

　　2. 题目已为你写好。

　　A Historical Figure in China

　　Chen Jingrun was a famous Chinese mathematician. His achievement was the breakthrough he made with the Goldbach Conjecture (哥德巴赫猜想). He carried out his research under poor conditions when he even had no proper office. He did tons of calculations on all sorts of paper and worked day and night. His hard work eventually paid off. He was invited to schools and universities to give lectures. Many young people have been greatly inspired by him and become interested in mathematics. As science and technology play a fundamental role in our country’s development, we should devote ourselves to the study of them.

　　阅读障碍词汇

　　1．campaign n．运动，战役

　　2．ancient adj. 古代的

　　3．contemporary adj. 属同时期的，同一时代的

　　4．monument n. 纪念碑，纪念物

　　5．struggle n. 斗争，挣扎 v. 斗争；奋斗；挣扎

　　6．evidence n. 证据；证明；迹象

　　7．occupy vt. 占领；占据；使忙碌

　　8．occupation n. 占领；职业

　　9．invade vt. 侵入，侵略

　　10．collision n. 碰撞；冲突，抵触

　　11．coincidence n. 巧合；巧事

　　12．rough adj. 艰苦的；粗糙的；粗略的

　　13．bound adj. 一定的，必定的；被束缚的

　　14．declare vt. 宣布，宣告；声明；断言 vi. 声明；(公开)表明

　　15．geographical adj. 地理的；地理学的

文学与艺术

　　话题词块

　　1．be honored as　 被誉为

　　2．be popular in 流行于

　　3．be set in 以……为背景

　　4．inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事

　　5．appreciate poetry 欣赏诗歌

　　6．on exhibition 在展示中

　　7．win the Nobel Prize in Literature 获得诺贝尔文学奖

　　8．traditional culture 传统文化

　　9．have an influence on 对……有影响

　　10．a variety of 各种各样的

　　11．benefit a great deal from ... 从……中获益匪浅

　　12．entertain oneself 自娱自乐

　　13．provide sb.with great fun 为某人提供极大的乐趣

　　14．stand for 代表

　　15．have great calm in mind 思维冷静

　　16．devote all one’s lifeto 奉献一生于……

　　17．translate...into 翻译成

　　18．leave a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象

　　19．express feelings 表达情感

　　20．a book review 书评

　　话题佳句

　　1．Peking Opera is popular in China with a history of more than 200 years, dating back to Qing Dynasty.

　　京剧在中国很流行，有200多年的历史，始于清朝。

　　2．More and more people in China show a great interest in literature, which can enrich their life.

　　越来越多的中国人对文学有浓厚的兴趣，它可以丰富他们的生活。

　　3．Mo Yan has made a great contribution to the development of China’s literature.

　　莫言对中国文学的发展做出了巨大的贡献。

　　4．Traditional art should be passed down, such as Peking Opera and paper­ cutting and so on.

　　传统艺术像京剧、剪纸等应该传承下去。

　　5．Mo Yan is the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, who has left a deep impression on the people all over the world.

　　莫言是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国人，给全世界的人们留下了深刻的印象。

　　6．I hold the view that if we students want to know as many great works of literature as we can, we had better read the original work.

　　我认为我们学生如果想尽可能多地了解伟大的文学作品，最好还是读原著。

　　话题范文

　　(2024新课标卷)假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：

　　(1) 你完成的作品；

　　(2) 你的感想。

　　注意：

　　(1) 写作词数应为80个左右；

　　(2) 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

　　Dear Chris,

　　I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　【必背范文】

　　Dear Chris,

　　I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. I finished a painting of the park with colorful flowers, tall trees, and a little pond. I chose to paint this because the bright colors and calm feeling of the park made me happy and inspired.

　　Painting outside was a great experience. The fresh air and sounds of nature helped me focus and enjoy the process more. It was very different from our usual classes inside and felt very refreshing. I also enjoyed talking about our paintings with my classmates, which helped me see things in new ways. Overall, it was a fun and memorable experience.

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　阅读障碍词汇

　　1．masterpiece n． 杰作；代表作

　　2．fantastic adj. 幻想的，异想天开的；奇异的，古怪的；极好的，极出色的

　　3．evaluation n. 估计，评价，评估

　　4．abstract adj. 抽象的n. 抽象派艺术作品

　　5．gallery n. 画廊

　　6．diverse adj. 不同的，相异的(from)；多种多样的

　　7．controversial adj. 引起争论的，有争议的

　　8．essay n. 散文；文章

　　9．biography n. 传记

　　10．draft n. 草稿 v. 起草

　　11．tradition n. 惯例，传统

　　12．simplify vt. 使简化；使简易

　　13．vanish vi. 消失不见

　　14．applaud v. 鼓掌；赞许，赞赏

　　15．shock n. 冲击，震惊 vt. 使震惊

文化交流

　　话题词块

　　1．Chinese traditional culture　中国传统文化

　　2．respect the local customs 尊重当地风俗

　　3．have a better understanding of 更好地了解……

　　4．know the history of 了解……的历史

　　5．adapt to one’s new life 适应新生活

　　6．fit in 融入，适应

　　7．increase one’s knowledge about 增加对……的了解

　　8．make a brief introduction to 对……做简单介绍

　　9．long to do sth. 渴望做某事

　　10．exchange ideas 交换观点

　　11．spread Chinese culture 传播中国文化

　　12．have trouble/difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难

　　13．mind one’s own manners 注意个人礼貌

　　14．take part in more activities 多参加活动

　　15．experience diverse Chinese culture体验多元化的中国文化

　　16．exchange students 交换生

　　17．club and association 俱乐部和社团

　　18．rich and colorful 丰富多彩

　　话题佳句

　　1．Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome,do as the Romans do.”

　　正如俗话所说，“入乡随俗。”

　　2．What’s more, it is better for you to join in more outdoor activities with your American friends, which may help you relax and have fun.

　　而且，多与你的美国朋友一起参加户外活动对你有好处，这可以有助于你放松，使你开心。

　　3．Finally,mind your own manners and remain modest and honest when getting along with your British friends.

　　最后，与你的英国朋友相处时，你要注意个人礼貌，要谦虚、诚实。

　　4．I’m delighted to hear that you will come to our school as an exchange student next term.

　　得知你下学期将作为交换生来我们学校学习我非常高兴。

　　5．I’ve been longing to go to America, mainly for two reasons.One is that I can experience American culture, which is believed to be the most diverse in the world.The other is that I can broaden my horizons in this developed country.

　　我一直盼望去美国，主要有两个原因。其一是我能够体验美国文化，它被认为是世界上最多元化的。其二是我能够在这个发达国家开阔视野。

　　6．But to tell the truth, I am faced with some challenges.I don’t have a good command of English, especially spoken English, so I’m afraid I’ll have difficulty fitting in very soon.

　　但说实话，我面临着一些挑战。我英语掌握得不够好，尤其是英语口语，因此我担心我难以很快适应。

　　7．What strikes me most is that American middle schools attach great importance to students’ abilityof practice.

　　给我印象最深的是美国中学对学生的实践能力非常重视。

　　话题范文

　　假定你是李华，你刚刚收到你的英国笔友Nathan的电子邮件，说他即将利用寒假来你的城市做短暂研学旅行。请你给他回复一封邮件，并在气候、饮食、交通和安全等方面提一些建议。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。

　　Dear Nathan，

　　I am so glad to receive your mail.You said in your letter that you would come to my city to do a study research.Since your customs are quite different from ours, so in order to make your stay here safe and comfortable, I’d like to give you some advice.

　　First,it is quite cold here in winter, so you’d better wear heavy clothes when you are out.Second, Chinese food may look strange to people like you, so you are supposed to learn to adapt to the food here and gradually you will find it rather delicious.Besides, what is the most important is the traffic. In China, we drive on the right compared with the situation in your country. So be sure to have it in your mind when you have got a chance to drive a car.

　　Hope you will enjoy your stay here.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　阅读障碍词汇

　　1．civilization n． 文明

　　2．treasure n. 金银财宝；珍宝，贵重物品 vt. 重视，珍惜

　　3．negotiate vt.&vi. 协商，谈判，商定

　　4．immigration n. 移民

　　5．distinction n. 区别，差别

　　6．distinguish vt. 区分；辨别

　　7．exchange n. 交换，互换；汇兑，兑换；交易所；交流 vt. 交换，互换；兑换；交流

　　8．involve vt. 包含，含有；使参与；牵涉

　　9．formal adj. 正式的

　　10．relevant adj. 紧密相关的；有意义的

　　11．passive adj. 被动的；消极的

　　12．enlarge v. 扩大，扩展，扩充；放大

　　13．reform v．& n. 改革；改进；改善

　　14．platform n. 平台；站台；讲台

　　15．significance n. 意义，含义；重要性

感恩

　　话题词块

　　1．show my gratitude for your help 感谢你对我的帮助

　　2．owe many thanks to sb. 应多谢某人

　　3．thanks to 多亏了

　　4．accept my sincere thanks 接受我真诚的感谢

　　5．change one’s attitude 改变某人的态度

　　6．share one’s happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦

　　7．keep sb.company 陪伴某人

　　8．cheer up 振作起来，高兴起来

　　9．be admitted to/into 被……录取

　　10．be supposed to 应该

　　11．regardless of 不管，不顾

　　12．thanks a lot 多谢

　　13．be proud of 以……而自豪

　　14．take action/measures 采取措施

　　15．bring up 抚养，养育

　　16．Thank you from the bottom of my heart for ...从心坎里感谢你，因为……

　　17．be a great comfort to 对……来说是一个巨大安慰

　　18．words can’t express my appreciation to sb.语言无法表达我对某人的感激之情

　　话题佳句

　　1．If it were not for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment.

　　如果不是有你的帮助，这次实验我就不会成功。

　　2．You are so helpful and warm ­hearted, and please accept my sincere thanks again.

　　你非常热心助人，请再次接受我真诚的感谢。

　　3．Further more,they give me enough personal space, which I appreciate so much.

　　而且，他们给我足够的个人空间，这让我非常感激。

　　4．I am grateful to my English teacher for all the help and support he has given me,which has made me stronger and a better person.

　　我感激英语老师给予我的帮助和支持，这使我变得更坚强、更完美。

　　5．I am always grateful to my parents.They not only give me life, but also bring me up with selfless love and support, feeling so proud of my every tiny bit of progress.

　　我总是感激父母。他们不仅给予我生命，而且用无私的关爱和支持抚养我，为我微小的进步而感到非常自豪。

　　6．What I should do now is to keep on studying hard in order to be admitted into a famous university.When I become economically independent in the future, I will help my parents live a better life.

　　我现在该做的是为了被名牌大学录取而继续努力学习。今后当我经济独立时，我会让父母生活得更好。

　　话题范文

　　假定你是新华中学的学生李华，上周日下午不慎把书包遗失在操场上，里面有学生证、手机、钱包等物品，你校外教Mr.Smith捡到后上交给学校。请你用英语给他写一封感谢信。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

　　Dear Mr.Smith，

　　I’m Li Hua, a student from Xinhua Middle School. I’m writing this letter to thank you for returning my schoolbag.

　　Last Sunday afternoon, after I played basketball with my friends on the playground, I left my schoolbag there owing to my carelessness. I was worried because my student’s ID card, cellphone, wallet and some documents were all in it, which were very important to me. Just as I was at a loss, I was informed that my schoolbag was at the school’s Lost and Found, where I knew it was you who had picked up my schoolbag and handed it in.

　　It’s such a great kindness that I’m extremely grateful to you.You did set a good example to us.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　阅读障碍词汇

　　1．virtue n． 美德，优点

　　2．deserve vt. 应受(奖、罚)，值得，应得

　　3．majority n. 多数，大多数

　　4．donate v. 捐赠；捐助

　　5．acknowledge vt. 承认；答谢；告知收到(信件等)

　　6．devotion n. 奉献，奉献精神

　　7．moral adj. 道德上的，道义上的，道德的

　　8．sympathy n. 同情，怜悯，慰问

　　9．affect v. 影响；使……感动

　　10．cherish vt. 珍惜

　　11．reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的

　　12．appreciate v. 欣赏；感激

　　13．acquaintance n. 熟人；(与某人)相识

　　14．beneficial adj. 有益的，有帮助的

　　15．contribute vi. 捐款；做出贡献；有助于，促成；投稿(to)；捐献